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Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Upadacitinib Plus Vedolizumab vs Upadacitinib Monotherapy During Induction in Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis

This multicenter retrospective comparative cohort study evaluated the real-world effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib plus vedolizumab compared with upadacitinib monotherapy during 8-week induction in adults with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Consecutive eligible patients who initiated upadacitinib induction therapy, either as monotherapy or with concomitant vedolizumab, between January 2023 and September 2025 at six tertiary inflammatory bowel disease referral centers in China were included. The primary outcome was modified Mayo clinical remission at week 8. Secondary outcomes were modified Mayo clinical response, C-reactive protein normalization among patients with an elevated baseline C-reactive protein concentration, and endoscopic remission. Safety outcomes were assessed from the index date through the week-8 assessment.