Device-Based vs Manual Sensory Training in Low Back Pain

Sponsor
Medipol University
Study ID
NCT07277803
Status
Not Yet Recruiting

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Conditions

  • Low Back Pain

Eligibility Criteria

Sex
ALL
Age
25 Years - 45 Years
Healthy Volunteers
Not accepted

Interventions

  • Technology-Based Sensory Acuity Training Group (T-SATG) — DEVICE
    The vibrotactile stimuli will be delivered according to a predefined weekly progression. In Week 1, high-intensity vibrations will be applied with a duration of 500 ms and an inter-stimulus interval of 1 second. In Week 2, medium-intensity vibrations will be delivered with a duration of 500 ms and a 500-ms inter-stimulus interval. In Week 3, medium-intensity vibrations will be delivered with a duration of 200 ms and a 200-ms inter-stimulus interval, and in Week 4, low-intensity vibrations will be applied with a duration of 100 ms and a 100-ms inter-stimulus interval. This structured progression is designed to ensure a gradual increase in task difficulty and to standardize the vibrotactile training across participants.
  • Control Group (CG) — OTHER
    The MCE program will follow a progressive approach targeting activation of the transversus abdominis and multifidus muscles. It will begin with basic exercises emphasizing isolated contractions and progress to more complex movements involving co-activation of both muscles, including bridging and quadruped exercises. As part of the PE component, participants will receive fundamental information regarding spinal health, neutral spine posture, and appropriate movement strategies for daily activities. Guidance will be provided on ergonomics, including lifting techniques, workspace organization, and methods to reduce mechanical load on the lower back. The program will also support self-care by promoting regular physical activity, appropriate pacing during flare-ups, adequate rest, and healthy lifestyle habits.
  • Manual Sensory Acuity Training Group (M-SATG) — OTHER
    To progressively increase difficulty, Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments with thick and thin tips will be used to vary stimulus pressure. Stimulus duration will advance weekly: week 1 - thick tip 5 s, week 2 - thick tip 2 s, week 3 - thin tip 5 s, week 4 - thin tip 2 s, with a stopwatch ensuring standardization and fixed intervals between stimuli. All sensory acuity tasks (localization, orientation, temporal acuity, and graphesthesia) will be delivered using randomized sets generated by random.org to prevent habituation. Responses will be recorded weekly to track progress. An adhesive 16-hole grid template will be placed between the last rib and sacrum on each participant before each session.

Study Details

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and affects a large proportion of working-age individuals. Cortical reorganization in CLBP, particularly within the sensorimotor cortex, has been shown to negatively influence sensory acuity and motor control. The neuroplasticity underlying this reorganization may enhance the effectiveness of sensorimotor retraining therapies that involve specific stimulus features targeting somatosensory cortical regions. This randomized controlled trial will include three groups: a device-assisted sensory acuity training group, a manual sensory acuity training group, and a control group receiving conventional physiotherapy. In this study, device-assisted sensory acuity training will be delivered using a standardized vibrotactile interface that presents controlled stimuli and records participant responses. The intervention will be structured to target sensory acuity components similar to those addressed in manual training. Accordingly, the structured training protocol will include: * localization training to improve detection of stimulus location, * orientation discrimination to identify stimulus direction, * temporal acuity training to distinguish timing differences between tactile stimuli and * graphesthesia training to improve recognition of shapes or letters drawn on the skin through tactile input. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate sensory acuity in individuals with CLBP and to determine the effects of a structured manual and technology-based sensory acuity training program, combined with conventional physiotherapy, on pain intensity (VAS), lumbar two-point discrimination, and a composite sensory acuity score. We hypothesize that adding manual and technology-based structured sensory acuity training (SAT) program to a conventional physiotherapy regimen including motor control exercises will support central nervous system reorganization, improve sensory profiles, and lead to improvements in pain-related variables, disability, and quality of life. Through this structured SAT program, we aim to provide an approach that evaluates and trains multiple dimensions of sensory acuity in CLBP, including localization, orientation, and temporal discrimination.

Key Dates

First listed
Dec 11, 2025
Start date
Aug 15, 2026
Status verified
Dec 2025
Primary completion
May 15, 2027
Completion
Dec 15, 2027

Study Design

Enrollment
66 participants (estimated)
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT

Arms

  • Experimental: Manual Sensory Acuity Training Group (M-SATG)
    In addition to motor control exercises, individuals with NLBP included in the M-SATG will receive sensory acuity training with progressively increasing levels of difficulty. This training will include manually administered components of localization acuity, orientation acuity, temporal acuity, and graphesthesia. All sensory acuity components (localization, orientation, temporal acuity, graphesthesia) will be delivered in randomized sequences generated prior to each session. During localization, orientation, and temporal acuity tasks, a standardized adhesive grid template consisting of 16 points will be applied to the lumbar region to guide stimulus delivery. Throughout the training process, participants will progress to the next training stage once they achieve 80% accuracy for that week. A response interval of 10 seconds will be provided between stimuli, with 1 minute rest periods between training sets and 2 minute rest periods between different training parameters.
  • Experimental: Control Group (CG)
    All individuals in this group will receive Motor Control Exercises (MCEs) for 30 minutes to promote correct muscle activation, postural alignment, movement integrity, and optimal control of the spine and pelvis. In addition to MCEs, participants will also receive a structured 30-minute patient education (PE) program, matched to the duration of the structured SAT program administered in the other groups. The PE program will focus on developing safe movement strategies, postural awareness, ergonomics, and self-management skills.
  • Experimental: Technology-Based Sensory Acuity Training Group (T-SATG)
    Participants in this arm will receive technology-based sensory acuity training delivered through the TactiPain device in addition to motor control exercises. The training will include vibrotactile localization, orientation, temporal acuity, and graphesthesia tasks administered with a progressive weekly protocol. Vibrotactile stimuli will be presented through a 4×4 matrix of 16 vibration motors positioned over the lumbar region, with weekly progression in intensity, vibration duration, and inter-stimulus intervals. Randomized sequences will be used for all tasks, and progression will occur when ≥80% accuracy is achieved. A response interval of 10 seconds will be provided between stimuli, with 1 minute rest periods between training sets and 2 minute rest periods between different training parameters.

Primary Outcome Measure

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) [ Time Frame: Baseline (prior to the intervention), end of treatment (after the 12th session), and 6 months post-treatment. ]

Central Contacts

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