Effectiveness of a ReMIND Diet Intervention on Sarcopenia, Cognitive Frailty and Nutritional Status in Older Adults

Sponsor
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Study ID
NCT07325760
Status
Not Yet Recruiting

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Conditions

  • Cognitive Frailty
  • Nutritional Interventions
  • Sarcopenia

Eligibility Criteria

Sex
ALL
Age
60 Years - 84 Years
Healthy Volunteers
Accepted

Interventions

  • PPR Seri Alam Fasa 2 (Intervention Group) — OTHER
    Participants in the intervention group will receive home-delivered reMIND meals for a duration of 3 months, in addition to their usual dietary intake and daily activities. The retort meals will be nutritionally balanced and portion-controlled, designed in accordance with the RNI 2017 Malaysia for older adults and the MY-MINDD dietary concept. These meals are formulated to meet the nutritional requirements outlined by the MY-MINDD framework, emphasising nutrient density and cognitive health support. Each participant will receive two meals per day, delivered once weekly, and will be encouraged to consume the meals as part of their regular diet. All meal plans will be developed by qualified dietitians and nutritionists to ensure appropriate macronutrient and micronutrient composition, food safety, and palatability. At the baseline visit, participants will receive brief dietary guidance and educational materials.

Study Details

This research is a single-blinded, 12-week, two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a Malaysian-adapted MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet retort meal intervention on sarcopenia risk, cognitive frailty status, nutritional status, depression, functional ability, and food security among older adults in Malaysia. With Malaysia projected to become an aged society by 2030, addressing age-related health challenges, including cognitive frailty and sarcopenia, is a national priority. Current evidence indicates that poor diet quality and food insecurity among older adults, especially those in low-income urban communities, exacerbate these conditions. The study is grounded on the Meals on Wheels (MoW) program, which has been effective in reducing malnutrition among older populations globally but is limited in scalability due to high delivery costs. Retort meals which are shelf-stable and nutritionally balanced offer a feasible alternative for meal provision in poor urban settings. The MIND diet, originally designed to support brain health, also demonstrates benefits for muscle health and overall physical function. However, its adaptation to the Malaysian context is crucial due to cultural dietary preferences and cost barriers to certain ingredients. The intervention will recruit 70 older adults (aged 60-84 years) from Program Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) Seri Alam Fasa 2 and Perumahan Awam (PA) Loke Yew in Kuala Lumpur, classified under the B40 income group and at risk of food insecurity. The intervention group will receive retort meals designed according to the adapted MIND diet principles, while the control group will not receive intervention. Data will be collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks to assess outcomes in muscle health, cognitive frailty, nutritional status, depression, functional ability, food security, and cost-effectiveness. Overall, the conceptual framework provides a structured approach to understanding how the intervention contributes to improved nutritional well-being and supports the economic viability of the Meals on Wheels program. Potential confounding variables, including socioeconomic status, baseline health conditions, social support, and lifestyle factors, may also influence the outcomes. Participants will fill up a questionnaire regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, medical factors, psychological factors, lifestyle factors, food security status, functional ability, and depression status. Besides, the researcher will conduct face-to-face interviews to collect data regarding anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, medical costs, and diet history. Statistical analyses will employ mixed-effects models to evaluate both continuous and categorical outcomes over time. The findings will generate crucial evidence on the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost-efficiency of using retort meals within MoW programs in Malaysia. Furthermore, it will inform national strategies to address food insecurity, promote healthy ageing, and reduce the burden of age-related health conditions. With Malaysia's rapidly ageing population and increasing prevalence of sarcopenia and cognitive frailty, this study has the potential to shape policy and practice by offering a sustainable, culturally tailored nutrition intervention. The evidence derived will support the scaling up of MoW programs using retort meals and contribute to long-term solutions for improving the quality of life and independence of older adults in Malaysia.

Key Dates

First listed
Jan 8, 2026
Start date
Jun 15, 2026
Status verified
Jun 2026
Primary completion
Nov 25, 2026
Completion
Feb 26, 2027

Study Design

Enrollment
70 participants (estimated)
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION

Arms

  • No Intervention: PPA Loke Yew (Control Group)
    Participants in the control group will continue with their usual daily dietary intake and routine living activities without receiving any intervention throughout the 3-month study period. However, they will be assured that they will receive the reMIND meals upon study completion, both for ethical reasons and as an appreciation for their participation and cooperation, known as wait-list control design. This post-study provision also aims to help alleviate food insecurity among participants. This arrangement ensures ethical equity between groups while maintaining the validity of the control condition. It may also help enhance participants' dietary awareness and motivation toward healthier eating habits in the future. Data collection for this group will occur three times, at baseline (week 1), mid-intervention (week 6), and post-intervention (week 12), mirroring the schedule of the intervention group to maintain consistency. To minimise bias, basic nutrition education will be provided.
  • Experimental: PPA Seri Alam Fasa 2 (Intervention Group)
    Participants in the intervention group will receive home-delivered reMIND meals for a duration of 3 months, in addition to their usual dietary intake and daily activities. The retort meals will be nutritionally balanced and portion-controlled, designed in accordance with the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI) Malaysia for older adults and the MY-MINDD dietary concept. These meals are formulated to meet the nutritional requirements outlined by the MY-MINDD framework, emphasising nutrient density and cognitive health support. Each participant will receive two meals per day, delivered once weekly, and will be encouraged to consume the meals as part of their regular diet. All meal plans will be developed by qualified dietitians and nutritionists to ensure appropriate macronutrient and micronutrient composition, food safety, and palatability. At the baseline visit, participants will receive brief dietary guidance and educational materials.

Primary Outcome Measure

Appendicular skeletal muscle mass in kilograms (kg) [ Time Frame: 3 months ]

Central Contacts

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