Effects of Stress Ball Use and Breathing Exercises on Pain and Vital Signs During Drain Removal After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Sponsor
TC Erciyes University
Study ID
NCT07586436
Status
Not Yet Recruiting

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Conditions

  • Pain After Knee Arthroscop
  • Total Knee Arthroplasty
  • Total Knee Arthroplasty Recovery

Eligibility Criteria

Sex
ALL
Age
N/A - N/A
Healthy Volunteers
Accepted

Interventions

  • 3. Control Group Description — BEHAVIORAL
    Participants will receive standard care, including routine information about the drain removal procedure, without any additional intervention such as stress ball use or breathing exercises.
  • 1. Stress Ball Intervention Description — BEHAVIORAL
    Participants will be provided with a medium-resistance stress ball and instructed to rhythmically squeeze and release it starting one minute before drain removal, continuing throughout the procedure, and for two minutes after the procedure. A brief explanation will be given prior to the intervention.
  • 2. Breathing Exercise Intervention Description — BEHAVIORAL
    Participants will be instructed in diaphragmatic breathing techniques before the procedure. They will begin deep breathing one minute before drain removal, continue throughout the procedure, and for two minutes afterward. The technique includes slow inhalation through the nose, holding the breath for a few seconds, and slow exhalation through the mouth.

Study Details

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of stress ball use and breathing exercises on procedural pain and vital signs during drain removal in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Although drain removal is a short procedure, it is often associated with sudden and intense pain and may trigger physiological stress responses such as increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. A total of 105 patients will be randomly assigned to three groups: stress ball group, breathing exercise group, and standard care group. The interventions will be applied starting one minute before drain removal, continuing throughout the procedure, and for two minutes afterward. Pain levels will be assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) will be measured at predefined time points before, during, and after the procedure. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence on the effectiveness of simple, non-pharmacological interventions in reducing procedural pain and improving physiological stability during drain removal

Key Dates

First listed
May 14, 2026
Start date
May 5, 2026
Status verified
May 2026
Primary completion
Aug 30, 2026
Completion
Aug 30, 2026

Study Design

Enrollment
105 participants (estimated)
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Arms

  • Active Comparator: Stress Ball Group
    Patients use a stress ball during drain removal
  • Active Comparator: Breathing Exercise Group
    Patients perform breathing exercises during drain remo
  • Placebo Comparator: Control Group
    Patients receive standard care during drain removal.

Primary Outcome Measure

Pain Intensity (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS [ Time Frame: Baseline, immediately after drain removal, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after the procedur ]

Central Contacts

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