Mindfulness Psychoeducation Based on Transtheoretical Model for Fear of Childbirth

Sponsor
Nigde Omer Halisdemir University
Study ID
NCT07624253
Status
Not Yet Recruiting

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Conditions

  • Fear of Childbirth
  • Pregnancy

Eligibility Criteria

Sex
FEMALE
Age
18 Years - 40 Years
Healthy Volunteers
Not accepted

Interventions

  • Mindfulness-Based Psychoeducation — BEHAVIORAL
    Participants in this arm will receive a mindfulness-based psychoeducation program adapted according to the Transtheoretical Model. The intervention will be delivered in groups of 6-10 pregnant women twice a week for 4 weeks in an online format. Each session will last approximately 45-60 minutes. The program includes psychoeducation about pregnancy and childbirth, mindfulness exercises, emotional awareness activities, and coping strategies for fear of childbirth. The aim is to reduce fear of childbirth and improve self-perception and spiritual well-being.

Study Details

Childbirth is a significant life event with important physical and psychological effects on pregnant women. Due to uncertainty during pregnancy, many women experience fear of childbirth. Fear of childbirth is a common condition that may negatively affect maternal well-being. Therefore, various psychosocial interventions have been developed to reduce this condition. Mindfulness-based approaches and psychoeducation programs are considered effective methods for reducing stress, anxiety, and fear by promoting non-judgmental awareness of the present moment. This study is designed as a randomized controlled experimental trial. The study population will consist of pregnant women attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Training and Research Hospital who meet the inclusion criteria. The sample size was calculated using G\*Power 3.1.9.7 software. Based on an effect size of f = 0.38, 80% statistical power, and a 5% significance level, a minimum of 30 participants was required. Considering a 20% potential dropout rate, a total of 72 pregnant women (36 intervention and 36 control) will be included in the study. The inclusion criteria are being between 18 and 40 years of age, having a first pregnancy, being between 20 and 34 weeks of gestation, having a singleton and healthy pregnancy, being able to communicate in Turkish, and scoring 38 or higher on the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (Version A). Women with high-risk pregnancies, a history of psychiatric disorders, illiteracy, communication problems, or unwillingness to participate will be excluded. Withdrawal during the study, development of pregnancy complications, or inability to continue the intervention will be considered exclusion criteria. Data will be collected using a Sociodemographic Information Form, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ A), the Self-Perception Scale for Pregnant Women, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. The W-DEQ A measures fear of childbirth, the Self-Perception Scale assesses maternal and body perception during pregnancy, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale evaluates the level of spiritual well-being. At the beginning of the study, eligible participants will be informed about the research and written informed consent will be obtained. Data collection forms will first be administered face-to-face. Pregnant women scoring 38 or above on the W-DEQ A will then be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups using a computer-based randomization method (randomizer.org). The intervention group will receive a mindfulness-based psychoeducation program adapted according to the Transtheoretical Model. The intervention will be delivered in group sessions of 6-10 participants, twice a week for 4 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 45-60 minutes. The program includes psychoeducation about pregnancy and childbirth, mindfulness exercises, emotional awareness activities, and coping strategies for fear of childbirth. The control group will receive routine obstetric care only. Post-intervention assessments will be conducted in both groups using the same measurement tools. Data analysis will be performed using SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive statistics will be calculated, and depending on data distribution, independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square test will be used. The level of statistical significance will be set at p \< 0.05. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model on fear of childbirth, self-perception, and spiritual well-being in pregnant women experiencing fear of childbirth.

Key Dates

First listed
Jun 3, 2026
Start date
Jul 15, 2026
Status verified
May 2026
Primary completion
Jan 15, 2027
Completion
Jul 15, 2028

Study Design

Enrollment
72 participants (estimated)
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Arms

  • Experimental: Mindfulness-Based Psychoeducation Group
    Participants will receive a mindfulness-based psychoeducation program adapted according to the Transtheoretical Model. The intervention will be delivered in groups of 6-10 pregnant women twice a week for 4 weeks in an online format. Each session will last approximately 45-60 minutes. The program includes psychoeducation about pregnancy and childbirth, mindfulness exercises, emotional awareness activities, and coping strategies for fear of childbirth. The aim of the intervention is to reduce fear of childbirth and improve self-perception and spiritual well-being. The intervention will be conducted online to increase participant comfort and accessibility.
  • No Intervention: Control Group
    Participants in this arm will receive routine obstetric care provided by the hospital during pregnancy. No additional psychological, educational, or mindfulness-based intervention will be applied throughout the study period.

Primary Outcome Measure

Fear of childbirth (W-DEQ A score) [ Time Frame: Baseline and immediately post-intervention ]

Central Contacts

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