Validation of the Turkish Brief Inventory of Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain

Sponsor
Hacettepe University
Study ID
NCT07673874
Status
Not Yet Recruiting

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Conditions

  • Chronic Pain

Eligibility Criteria

Sex
ALL
Age
18 Years - 70 Years
Healthy Volunteers
Not accepted

Interventions

  • Survey Assessment Battery — OTHER
    Participants will complete a comprehensive survey battery including: Sociodemographic and Clinical Information Form Turkish Brief Inventory of Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain (BITEC-TR) Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain Scale Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

Study Details

The purpose of this study is to conduct the Turkish cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability study of the "Brief Inventory of Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain" (BITEC) scale. Chronic pain is a complex, multidimensional experience that affects a significant portion of the adult population. Treatment expectations play a critical role in predicting clinical outcomes and directly influencing placebo/nocebo responses. While several tools exist to evaluate expectations, there is a lack of a concise, clinician-friendly, and Item Response Theory (IRT)-based instrument adapted for Turkish chronic pain populations. The BITEC is a 9-item scale that evaluates biological, psychological, and social/interactional expectation domains. This methodological and cross-sectional study will be conducted with adult patients diagnosed with chronic pain for at least three months at Bingöl State Hospital. The study will be carried out in four consecutive stages: cross-cultural adaptation (forward and backward translation), comprehensibility pre-testing (with 30-40 volunteers), main data collection (with at least 200 participants), and statistical analyses. Data will be collected through printed forms and an online survey platform (Kobotoolbox), involving no clinical interventions. Participants will complete a sociodemographic information form, the Turkish version of the BITEC (BITEC-TR), the Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain Scale (TEC-TR), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Additionally, a subgroup of approximately 60 participants will recomplete the BITEC-TR 7-10 days after the initial session to evaluate test-retest reliability. Psychometric evaluation will include construct validity through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and internal consistency and stability measurements.

Key Dates

First listed
Jun 29, 2026
Start date
Sep 1, 2026
Status verified
Jun 2026
Primary completion
May 31, 2027
Completion
Aug 31, 2027

Study Design

Enrollment
250 participants (estimated)

Arms

  • Arm: Patients with Chronic Pain
    Adult patients aged 18-70 who have been experiencing non-cancer chronic pain for at least three months, are literate, and are currently receiving medical treatment. Data will be collected through printed forms or the online survey platform Kobotoolbox.

Primary Outcome Measure

Turkish Brief Inventory of Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain (BITEC-TR) Score [ Time Frame: Baseline (Day 1) and 7-10 days later for the test-retest subgroup. ]

Central Contacts

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