Biofeedback Training Targeting at Knee Proprioception

Conditions

• Knee Injury

Eligibility Criteria

Sex

ALL

Age

18 Years - 64 Years

Healthy Volunteers

Accepted

Interventions

• Localized Knee Proprioception Training Program — BEHAVIORAL
  A 3-week neuromuscular training program performed twice weekly. The protocol consists of a standardized lower-extremity exercise circuit including 30-second squat holds, 5-meter lateral monster walks, single-leg retro-squats, and double-leg squats performed at target knee flexion depths.
• Independent Home-Based Proprioception Training — BEHAVIORAL
  A 3-week neuromuscular training program performed twice weekly independently at the participant's location of choice. Participants execute the identical lower-extremity exercise circuit (squat holds, lateral monster walks, single-leg retro-squats, and double-leg squats) but without any technological biofeedback equipment. Instead, they rely on qualitative instructions to perform the movements at shallow, medium, or deep knee flexion depths. Adherence is monitored via weekly paper compliance logs.

Study Details

The goal of this clinical trial was to learn if a localized knee exercise program with visual and auditory feedback improves joint awareness (proprioception) and movement quality in young adults with a history of knee injuries. It also evaluated the feasibility and safety of performing these exercises. The main questions it aimed to answer were: 1. Does targeted knee training with instant audio and visual warnings improve joint position awareness and decrease movement fear? 2. Is a supervised laboratory biofeedback training program more effective at improving knee function and movement consistency than an independent home training program? 3. How reliable is a manual goniometer compared to an isokinetic machine when measuring joint position errors? Researchers used a crossover design where every participant completed both the home-based training program and the laboratory-based biofeedback program, separated by a two-week rest period, to compare the effectiveness of the two approaches. Participants did: 1. Complete two separate three-week training blocks (two sessions per week) performing squats, lunge patterns, and sidesteps. 2. Attend testing sessions at the lab before and after each training block to evaluate balance, movement consistency, and joint position awareness. 3. Wear smart shoe insoles and surface body sensors during testing and laboratory training to track force and joint angles. 4. Keep a log of exercises and note any side effects when training independently at home.

Key Dates

First listed

Jul 9, 2026

Start date

Jan 30, 2024

Status verified

Jul 2026

Primary completion

Oct 31, 2025

Completion

Oct 31, 2025

Study Design

Enrollment

14 participants (actual)

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Intervention model

CROSSOVER

Primary purpose

TREATMENT

Arms

• Experimental: Laboratory Biofeedback Training
  Participants completed a 3-week localized knee proprioception training program performed twice weekly in a research laboratory. Surface Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) tracked real-time knee kinematics during a standardized exercise circuit (squat holds, lateral monster walks, single-leg retro-squats, and double-leg squats). Instantaneous visual (red bar on a monitor) and auditory (beep sound) biofeedback warnings were triggered whenever a participant exceeded pre-set knee flexion thresholds of 30°, 60°, or 90°.
• Active Comparator: Independent Home-Based Training
  Participants completed an identical 3-week localized knee proprioception training program performed twice weekly independently at their home or location of choice. Participants performed the exact same exercise circuit (squat holds, lateral monster walks, single-leg retro-squats, and double-leg squats) as the laboratory group but without any visual or auditory biofeedback equipment. Instead, they were instructed to target qualitative "shallow, medium, or deep" knee flexion depths and maintained a weekly paper compliance log.

Primary Outcome Measure

Dispersion Index (DI) from the Action-Perception Coupling (APC) Task [ Time Frame: Change from Baseline (Pre-Training 1) to Post-Training 1 (Week 3), and change from Pre-Training 2 (Week 5, following a 2-week washout) to Post-Training 2 (Week 8) ]

Locations (1)

Find similar trials in Huntington, WV

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